What's the Types of Cement Kilns?

Cement Kiln

Cement kilns are used to produce hydraulic cement. The process involves the grinding and mixture of limestone and clay. The raw mixture is heated in the cement kiln to a temperature of 1,500 degrees Celsius (2,732 degrees Fahrenheit), and then it is ground through a process called "clinker" and then made into cement. There are different types of cement kilns that are involved in the production of cement.

Wet Process Kilns
The wet process kiln was the main cement kiln used in the 20th century. They were the original rotary cement kilns. With wet process kilns, the raw material is made into a mixture called "slurry," which usually contains 40 percent water. The poor fuel efficiency of these types of kilns became an issue in the 1970s when the cost of fuel went up. Since that time, fewer wet kilns have been manufactured.

Dry Process Kilns
The dry process kiln is similar to the wet process kiln, but it has a better fuel consumption. This is so because the material that is fed into the kiln is dry. Two common ingredients that are used in concrete production with dry process kilns are limestone and shale. The ingredients are ground together into a raw meal. This is then fed through the top of the preheater tower.

Preheater/Precalciner Kilns
The preheater or precalciner kilns contain tall preheater towers. These towers use the heat from the kiln to preheat the raw materials. A benefit of these kilns is their fuel efficiency. They use 50 percent less energy that the dry process kiln.

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